European ash is an evergreen tree of the olive family with a robust root system and a broad crown. It is the most widespread ash species in Europe. Ash trees can grow up to 40 m. The bark is gray or brown, hard, and rough. Young branches are light gray or olive-colored.

The flowers are small and polymorphic, arranged in dense clusters along the leaf axils. Tiny, purple-red flowers open in May before the leaves appear. Female flowers are slightly longer than male flowers. Male flowers are dark violet and lack petals. In trees with both male and female flowers, the male flowers do not release pollen until the female flowers on the same tree are receptive, avoiding self-pollination.

A tree that developed only male flowers in one year can produce female flowers the following year. Female flowers develop into fruits, and the fruit is a winged seed. Seed clusters remain on the tree throughout winter. The tree is sensitive to harsh winters and spring frosts. It prefers full sunlight and does not tolerate shade.

Interesting and important facts

European ash is highly valued for its rapid growth, wood durability, and flexibility, making it economically significant. It is utilized in carpentry for crafting furniture, parquet flooring, tools, and skis, as well as in boat construction. However, ash is not suitable for making posts and poles, as it quickly deteriorates when in contact with the ground.

Information sources: Wikipedia

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